Daily doses of medication were standardized by computing the levodopa-equivalent dosage.
To standardize costs to a similar period of time for each patient, costs were prorated to a yearly basis by computing the average cost per day for each patient and multiplying this value by 365.
A power analysis, conducted by computing standardized regression coefficients for the three studies, indicated that many of the Faroes findings were so subtle that the power to detect them in the Seychelles study, despite its large sample size, was only about 50%.
By computation, obtain the similar matrix S ∈ R n × n and then sparse it; Construct diagonal matrix D; Compute the standard Laplace matrix L; Compute k minimum eigenvectors of matrix L, and compose matrix Z ∈ R n × k which contains k minimum eigenvectors and are regarded as the columns of the matrix Z; Standardize it as Y ∈ R n × k.
To avoid any variable dominating the distance measured, variables were standardized by dividing by the range, before computing the similarity matrix, thus ensuring that all variables had the same scale [ 50, 51].
Air displacement plethysmography (PeaPod; Life Measurement Inc., Concord, CA) was used to estimate (without clothing or diaper) fat mass and fat-free mass standardized by computing a z score by age and sex (mean 0, SD 1).
Pairwise crosscorrelograms between pairs of astrocytes were computed by standardizing the fluorescence signal to be the Z score, so that the height of the crosscorrelogram represents the Pearson correlation coefficient.
To assess the similarity between two methods, we computed the correlation coefficients (R) between the standardized coefficients generated from the two methods.
Because there are no normative data on these questionnaires for Indian children, we standardized raw scores internally by computing Z-scores with respect to sex and age (similar to the process used to create T-scores in psychometric tests).
The list of predictions (see Table 4 for a summary) is ranked by a Z-score that was computed by standardizing individual raw scores in each prediction among all predictions collected in the database.
