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The spatial part of the error metric is obtained by computing the standard deviation of relative edge lengths within a topological neighborhood of each vertex.
In Figure 12, we draw the OQ estimation accuracy by computing the standard deviation of the error calculated between OQ measured from the EGG signal and OQ estimated from the real speech over each voiced segment.
In such circumstances, the standard deviation of the percentage of power consumption of the different relays is obtained in this work by computing the standard deviation of the fraction of time periods where relays are activated for relaying the source's information.
If m i j indicates the Mel-filter bank energy of the j th audio-frame and i th filter-bank, we use 40 filter banks (i.e., i=1,…,40) where each audio frame is 25-ms long with a 10-ms overlap, then signal non-stationarity is estimated by computing the standard deviation of MFBE over a longer time-period termed as segments.
The token-to-token variability of/s/and/∫/production was estimated for each subject by computing the standard deviation of centroid values for /s/ and /∫/.
PCA scores were calculated by computing the standard correlation between the expression profile vector of each patient sample and the principal component 1 vector.
Similar(42)
We approximate the calculation of high local contrast content by computing the local standard deviation.
Variation in summary measures between simulations was compared by computing the relative standard deviation (RSD) at each admixture time.
This was accomplished by adding a coefficient from the reference category and another coefficient from the age stratum of interest, and by computing the corresponding standard error from the corresponding terms of the variance covariance matrix.
Now, songs are inherently noisy (in a signal analysis sense, maybe not in a musical sense), so things have to be smoothed by taking averages and computing the standard deviations of those.
We also identified image-intensity outliers by computing the mean and standard deviation (across voxels) of intensity values for each image for all slices to remove intermittent gradient and severe motion-related artefacts present to some degree in all fMRI data.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com