Sentence examples for by computing the sample from inspiring English sources

Traditionally, practitioners start a statistical analysis of a given sample x1, … , xn by computing the sample mean E and the sample variance V.

We conservatively estimated σ s by computing the sample variance for paired replicate instances for the chemical across different batches and averaging across pairs.

The sample covariance matrices can be computed by selecting the expression levels of the genes on the pathway and by computing the sample covariances.

The quantity n x /n (h d c d) is the kernel density estimate f̂ U (x) (where U means the uniform kernel ) computed with the hypersphere S h(x), and thus we can write expression (4) as: which yields, Expression (7) shows that an estimate of the normalized gradient can be obtained by computing the sample mean shift in a uniform kernel centered on x.

The convergence of the analyses was checked by visually inspecting the log-likelihood values and by computing the effective sample size and the Geweke diagnostic for the log-likelihoods, the number of speciation rate shifts, the number of extinction rate shifts and the number of mass extinction events using the effectiveSize and the geweke.diag function of the CODA 0.19.-1 package88, respectively.

The Monte Carlo accuracy of the MCMC algorithm was evaluated by correlating repeated estimates for the parameter vectors u, a and g, requiring a correlation >0.999 from repeated MCMC runs, and by computing the effective sample sizes for the variance components using the R Coda package [ 25].

For each combination of group (T for treatment and C for control group) and phase (for phases 0, 1,..., K), a single value for the endpoint y and value(s) the predictor x (which may be of dimension greater than 1) are determined by e.g. computing the sample means.

Considering that each of these indices is sensitive to change for the declined group, we supplemented them by computing the paired samples t-test statistic for the difference in change scores.

This was done by computing the difference between the sample with the highest gene expression value and the sample with the second highest gene expression for a given gene (note that this is equivalent to using the OD method with k = 1 for the sample with the highest gene expression).

Therefore, samples from their posterior distribution can be obtained by computing the correlation at each sample drawn from the posterior distribution of R 0 *.

Run convergence was checked by computing the MCMC autocorrelation, effective sample size and by visual comparison of the consistency of the results of each of the independent analyses.