Then we iteratively refine an initial saliency map derived from background estimation by computing the feature contrast only within local surrounding area whose range and shape are changed adaptively.
The embedded model employs the prediction risk criteria [ 17, 18], which evaluates features by computing the change in training accuracy when the features are replaced by their mean values: S i =ATR − ATR(x ¯ i ) where ATR is the training accuracy.
Then, we construct a visual similarity network (VSN) [12] by computing the pairwise similarity between the features.
Since the fusion model represents the system security state very well, we can obtain the threat probability by computing the deviation of security features from their normal values.
They proposed a clustering-based feature, called fuzzy colour histogram (FCH) to construct the background model by computing the similarity between local FCH features with an online update procedure.
The matching is by computing the Euclidean distance of two feature vectors.
Finally, the actual audio segment features are formed by computing the mean and standard deviation statistics of each FS (including also the STAT features, i.e., means of means, etc).
LPQ features: Local phase quantization (LPQ) [44] operator uses local phase information to produce blur-invariant image features extracted by computing the short-term Fourier transform (STFT) in rectangular neighborhoods N x : F u,x =sum_{yin N_{x}}f x-y e^{-j2rho u^{T}y} = mathbf{W}^{T}_{u} mathbf{f}_{x} (4).
This is a centroid distance based approach as well, but neglects inter-correlation of feature values (by computing the distance using the diagonal elements of the hat matrix).
We construct feature vectors by computing the outer product of the expression profiles of two genes.
