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Liu et al.[6] proposed a passive copy move forgery detection method by computing the averaged sum of absolute difference (SAD).
To further evaluate the tracking result the tracking error in pixels is estimated by computing the averaged euclidean distance of the tracked centroids to the ground truth centroids, see Tables 3 and 4. Since the standard method failes to track the follow-me car, the tracking error is extremly high in that case and does not represent the general performance of the standard mean shift tracker.
Coalescence time estimates expressed in kya are shown along links next to clade labels and were calculated by computing the averaged distance (rho) and the standard error (s) (Saillard et al. [ 53 ]).
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The computational efficiency was measured by computing the average runtime of the 10 runs from each method.
This step was followed by computing the averages of each cluster to obtain "super" AE signals.
The missing values are extrapolated by computing the average of the same month of the previous and following year.
This was done by computing the average household earnings as the base for determining the opportunity cost for the household.
Parental education in years was obtained by computing the average time spent in school to achieve the reported education.
This is done by computing the average luma variation per pixel between the key frames at the decoder, which is compared to a threshold.
The theoretical performance of each of the presented MISO systems is assessed by computing the average BER for QPSK modulation as a function of transmit SNR ρ.
In the selected time interval, we detrend the time series ((H_mathrm{External})) by computing the average long-term trend using a seventh-order polynomial fit p t).
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