The four big banks are trying to address this problem by centralizing in Beijing their decisions on loans and by installing computer systems to monitor lending patterns.
But for the big data analytics, most researches improve the performance of the system by adding more similar computer systems to make it possible for a system to handle all the tasks that cannot be loaded or computed in a single computer system (called "scale out"), as shown in Fig. 8b where M1, M2, and M3 represent computer systems that have different computing power, respectively.
Charles Palmer, manager of network security and cryptography at I.B.M. Research, leads a squad of white hats who are paid by companies to attack their computer systems to test how well they can stand up to the assault.
Interoperability is, by definition, 'the ability of computer systems to exchange and make use of information' [1].
When exchanges were deregulated and new venues like Chi-X Europe, now Europe's largest equity market, arrived touting lower fees and faster systems, the Dutch were well-placed to take advantage.By using algorithms and ultra-fast computer systems to update their prices continuously, HFT firms like Optiver and IMC have squashed bid-ask spreads.
In practice, the dose delivered is not measured during treatment, but is predicted by computer systems used to plan the radiotherapy treatment.
The amplifier output was led into a signal averager (Model 1401, Cambridge Electronic Design, Ltd) At least 64 post-stimulus epochs were sampled at 10 kHz and recorded to provide a minimum of 32 evoked spinal epochs averaged by the computer system to obtain the CDP (Signal2, Model 1401 Cambridge Electronics Ltd).
It was a "big organisation that's had problems for a very long time," said Obama, revealing that his White House investigator Rob Nabors found the problems with recording waiting lists were compounded by "computer systems dating back to 90s".
In an opportunistic screening, costs could also be reduced by enhanced-computer systems to identify samples to be tested and inclusion of the result in the routine pathology reporting to the patients' treating doctors.
Holding people accountable for the harms or risks caused by computer systems provides a strong incentive to minimize them and can provide a starting point for assigning just punishment.
