We estimated the boundary of a tag stack by comparing with the background signal (see Methods for details).
The previously calculated maxCC values for probes were then converted into p-values by comparing with the background.
By comparing with other local background estimates, this procedure was found to work well when the integrated intensity of small labeled-structures is much smaller than the integrated intensity of the background, as is the case for cell adhesions.
As the lifetime risk and prevalence in females are higher (Ahlgren et al., 2011), calculating relative risks by comparing with a single background risk estimate for both sexes would erroneously increase the risk for female relations and underestimate the risk for males.
By comparing with the whole genome background of A. mogolicus, pathways with p ≤ 0.05 were chosen as significantly enriched in DEGs, using the same multiple testing correction method with GO enrichment analysis.
By comparing with evolutionary and dinucleotide constrained background models we testified that the discovered signals are statistically significant and are not likely to be attributed to factors such as mutation bias of amino acid composition in the investigated sequences.
Considering the above-mentioned problems, we extract moving edges from current image while removing the background edges by comparing with spatiotemporal edge information of three successive frames.
Typical periodicities associated with tsunami-related voltage variations make it possible to separate them from the background noise by comparing with geomagnetic data that are not influenced by motional induction.
Overall, c41-2 produced by far the highest specific signal compared with background noise and thus is our top recommendation for mouse free-floating brain sections.
In a large randomised trial in Kerala, India, Sankaranayan and colleagues [ 8] assessed the efficacy of a single examination by three screening modalities —HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II for 16 high-risk types, cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) — in reducing mortality from cervix cancer compared with background rates achieved by usual care.
