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Finally, correlations between breast cancer subtypes and other diseases were calculated by comparing their pathway profiles using hypergeometric statistics.
Moreover, a brief history and evolution of these selected databases are discussed, and subsequently, several aspects of these databases by comparing their pathway information and the in-built technical features are also reviewed.
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By comparing their locations in KEGG pathways, we found that most of these proteins were located at the beginning of these pathways or at important points within the pathways.
The sequences of M. destructor genes, which were cloned and used for expression studies, were verified as belonging to the polyamine biosynthesis pathway by comparing their evolutionary relationships, through phylogenetic tree construction, with orthologs identified from other insect genomes (T. castaneum, B. mori, D. melanogaster, A. gambiae, A. aegypti).
The significance (p < 0.05) of each pathway was determined by comparing their ranking scores to the corresponding empirical distributions.
We, therefore, displayed immune-related canonical pathways side by side comparing their constitutive activation in the tumor microenvironment (compared to the normal tissues, Figure 2a) with their alterations in various treatment groups.
We then assessed the association between acquired resistance and the RAS pathway signature score by comparing RAS pathway signature score levels in the resistant derivative to parental control cells.
In the Alzheimer dataset example we extend this concept to the pathway level and show that, by comparing the pathway network of healthy versus diseased individuals we can spot pathway connections that consistently change in Alzheimer patients.
Novel differences between different microvascular EC appeared by comparing caveolae pathway: in contrast to HGMEC the dermal microvascular EC (Vascular_normal_CS_control) did not express any of the caveolin 1 3 in addition to some other qualitative differences (Additional file 7: Table S5).
By comparing pathway recovery for individual reference genomes to pathway recovery for combinations of reference genomes, it becomes formally possible to use Pathway Tools to identify distributed metabolic pathways that emerge between multiple interacting partners.
By comparing our identified pathways to three public pathway databases (KEGG, BioCyc and Reactome), we observed that our approach achieves a maximum positive predictive value of 12.8% and improves on other predictive approaches.
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