Sentence examples for by comparing the extant from inspiring English sources

To compare the above results with the coverage obtained with extant Enterobacteriaceae sequences, we collected the same data by comparing the extant sequences among themselves.

In order to compare the rate of substitutions in each paralog to that in their outgroup singleton ortholog, we calculated substitution rates by comparing the extant sequences of singletons and paralogs to the ancestral state reconstruction of the speciation node directly preceding a duplication node.

By comparing the ancestral and extant plastomes, one, three, and two inversions might have occurred in A. formosana, C e. wilsoniana and T. mairei, respectively, after they had diverged from their common ancestor.

By comparing the vocal behavior of extant primates with human communication, one can deduce the behavioral and neural capacities of extinct common ancestors, allowing the identification of homologies and providing clues as to the adaptive functions of such behaviors.

On the basis of which, the evolutionary history of Actinomycetaceae was delineated by comparing the enriched COG terms of extant gene content as well as gained and lost genes of each taxon (fig. 6).

To recover the evolutionary history of intact Tas2r gene repertoire among avian species, we predicted the numbers of intact Tas2rs in avian ancestors and inferred the evolutionary changes of intact Tas2r gene numbers in the ancestral and extant species by comparing the gene tree with the species tree using the reconciliation analysis (Chen et al. 2007).

By comparing the locations of these rearrangement breakpoints with extant S. cerevisiae replication origins, we can ask if there is any evidence of origins correlating with the production or resolution of genomic breaks over evolutionary time.

The study contributes to the extant literature on SME financing by comparing the financing preferences and practices of SMEs and identifying a financing gap.

Here we provide additional morphometric evidence regarding the robusticity of the distal phalanges, by comparing the first (DP1) and third (DP3) manual rays of extant taxa, together with OH 7, Paranthropus robustus and Neandertals (Figure 4 and Table 2).

Species determination was achieved by comparing the leaf architecture, cuticle and fine venation of the newly discovered specimens with thirty-four extant Betula species occurring in China and Japan, and four selected extinct species from China and Poland.

By comparing to an extant, single-condition tool we demonstrate the power of our new approach in integrating data from multiple conditions in a compact and coherent manner, capturing the dynamics of the underlying processes.