Sentence examples for by comparing a null from inspiring English sources

This method tests for positive selection by comparing a null model of neutral evolution to a model of positive selection on those branches (Zhang et al., 2005).

CODEML (PAML version 4, [ 72]) was also used to detect positive selection by comparing a null model and a model that allows positive selection (M1 vs. M2 and M7 vs. M8).

The test identifies genes with particular codons showing evidence of positive selection by comparing a null model, where d N /d S is never allowed to exceed 1 (so only negative or neutral evolution is considered), to an alternative model in which some sites on the G. magnirostris lineage are allowed to have ω >1 (implying positive selection).

Most of the previous binding site prediction tools have been formulated as hypothesis testing methods, where a significance value of TF binding at a specific sequence position is obtained by comparing a test statistic to a null distribution [21] [28], and possibly correcting the significance level for multiple testing.

We detected lineage-specific increases in substitution rates by comparing an alternative model M+ with a null model M0 (see previous paragraph).

We estimate the statistical significance of this value by comparing with a null distribution constructed from randomized motifs.

We determine each feature's relevance by comparing with a null model.

Statistical significance of the normalized similarity index was established by comparing against a null distribution of scalar projections generated by randomly permuting the 32 dimensions of the LFP layer profile vector 1000 times (p<0.01, two-sided).

Statistical significance of the correlation coefficient was established by comparing against a null distribution of correlation coefficients generated by randomly permuting the trial order of EEG activity 1000 times (p<0.01, two-sided).

The statistical significance of the choice probability was established by comparing against a null distribution of choice probability values generated by randomly permuting the identity of hit and miss trials 1000 times (p<0.01, two-sided).

Statistical significance of the similarity index was established by comparing against a null distribution of similarity index values generated by randomly permuting the 32 dimensions of the LFP layer profile vector 1000 times (p<0.01, two-sided).