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A recent cluster of infections was shown to be caused by clonal spread of a single C. krusei strain [ 4].
However, some minor ST clusters caused by clonal spread of, e.g. ST4787 (n = 11), ST7720 (n = 5) and ST7741 (n = 4) were identified which indicate some sexual transmission chains.
However, some main ST clusters caused by clonal spread of, e.g., ST1407 (n = 58), ST 2992 (n = 17), ST1405 (n = 12), and ST1861 (n = 10) were identified, which indicate some larger sexual transmission chains.
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For instance, genetic variation in H. pylori exhibits a signature of a recent African origin followed by clonal spread across Europe and Asia, in excellent agreement with inferences from human DNA markers [ 3].
Relative area increment by clonal spread was 16.4% per year, decreasing exponentially with patch size due to constant clonal lateral spread.
We believe by applying the stringent criteria (same PFGE and SCCmec types) of defining the same strain should greatly avoid the bias caused by clonal spread.
Meadows are more stable and fertile environments, whose grass populations are older and well established by clonal spread.
Clonal spread of MRSA is facilitated by cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers and exacerbated by the selection pressure exerted by broad spectrum antibiotic treatments [ 1].
A similar clonal spread of CoNS in adults was reported by Monsen and colleagues, where peritonitis in six patients were caused by CoNS with identical PFGE pattern.
The clonal spread of 1 genotype of C. burnetii could be explained by 2 phenomena.
If only clonal spread of existing patches is considered and assuming current environmental conditions and no management, the species will cover 3.9% by 2034.
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