Clinical laboratories use serological grouping by Lancefield, haemolytic reactions and phenotypic tests for identification of various Streptococcus isolates.
The CSF lactate level was measured by the hospital clinical laboratory using standard enzymatic methods (ADIVA Chemistry, Siemens, Bayswater Victoria, Australia).
Blood cultures were processed by the institution's clinical laboratory using the BACTEC®9240 blood culture instrument (Becton Dickinson, Maryland, EUA).
Plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and glycerol-blanked triglycerides (TGs) were measured by a CLIA-certified clinical laboratory using automated enzymatic/colorimetric assays (Roche/Hitachi Modular Analytics System; Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianapolis, IN).
In contrast, current genotyping methods to determine antiviral resistance is typically performed in a clinical laboratory using molecular markers by trained personnel, specialized equipment and days to accomplish.
Tests that are offered as a service by clinical laboratories or used for research do not require F.D.A. approval, so some test developers are distributing tests without approval.
Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of ANEA in sera of Greek patients with PBC by using methods widely used by clinical laboratories and a combination of techniques and materials.
The sera used in this study have previously been tested for autoantibodies using the traditional assays used by clinical laboratories, as described in previous publications [14], [23] [26].
In light of the possibility of a common ancestor and/or intercontinental transmission of strains, we identified SNPs in genes commonly used for identification of mycobacteria and an MLST scheme that could be used by clinical laboratories to assess relatedness of newly isolated strains to this global cluster.
