Sentence examples for by chemical or insertional from inspiring English sources

Genes can be mutated by chemical or insertional mutagenesis (Amsterdam and Hopkins, 2006).

To date, several mutants with defective conidiogenesis and altered conidial morphology, including smo, con1, con2, con4, con7, acr1, chm1, and com1, have been identified by chemical or insertional mutagenesis [ 5- 9].

DNA damage can be induced by chemical or physical agents.

These issues can be addressed by a chemical-by-chemical or model-by-model analysis, if necessary.

In forward genetic screens in model organisms, genomes are generally randomly mutated by radiation, chemical mutagens or insertional mutagenesis using transposons, after which mutants are identified by phenotypic assay and the phenotype tied back to the gene that has been mutated.

Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23– 25].

Here, we isolated and characterized mutant strains with photosynthetic apparatus alterations that were generated by chemical and insertional random mutagenesis in Nannochloropsis gaditana, an interesting model organism for biofuel production and large-scale cultivation [ 35].

Liver fibrosis is caused by chemicals or viral infection.

Often phenotypes are intentionally created by random mutagenesis using chemicals, radiation or insertional mutagenesis.

Up until Helmholtz's address, chemical reactions had been explained by "chemical forces" or "affinities" between chemical substances, measured quantitatively by the heat developed during a chemical reaction.

Some resistance mechanisms have been determined by gene silencing or insertional mutagenesis [ 18, 2, 26, 27].