The overall difference was not in excess of what is to be expected by chance (binomial test, p = 0.59).
The correct assignment rate was significantly higher than the 1.2% likelihood to be assigned to the correct individual by chance (binomial test: p<0.001).
Then, each of the 10 stimulus repetitions was tested individually and the same bin (with respect to the stimulus) had to reach the responsiveness criterion independently over a significantly higher number of repetitions than expected by chance (binomial test at the 0.05 level of significance) to be considered as a reliable response to the stimulus.
This is unlikely to have occurred by chance (Binomial test, p-value 1.384 × 10-7).
In both treatments, queens were attacked significantly more often than expected by chance (binomial test, p < 0.002 for each case).
At the TF-binding activity level (i.e., having TF occupancy by any TF), mapped human and mouse TFos overlapped TFos on the other species more often than expected by chance (Binomial test 0.99% CI: (0.5358, 0.5371) and 0.99% CI: (0.7883, 0.7913) with expected values 0.0231 and 0.0857 for human and mouse respectively).
Among these DM loci, 98.7% were included in the M-L DM loci list and their methylation alteration states in HNSCC samples (compared to normal controls) were consistent with their alteration states in myeloid cells (compared to lymphoid cells), which was unlikely to be observed by chance (binomial test, P-value <2.2 × 10−16; Figure 1).
On the basis of the LDA classification, chirp calls were correctly assigned to the predator type eliciting calling more often than would be expected by chance (Binomial test, chirps N = 124, P < 0.05), and each snake playback stimulus (with one exception) had a higher mean discriminant score than the leopard playback stimulus with which it was paired.
In each of the four groups, owners stated that their dog's behaviour indicated that the dog has disobeyed the rule no more than expected by chance (binomial test, n = 24, Eaten & Replaced: 15/24, p = 0.3075; Eaten & Not Replaced: 11/24, p = 0.8388; Not Eaten & Replaced: 11/24, p = 0.8388; Not Eaten & Not Replaced: 15/24, p = 0.3075, individual data see Tables in Supplementary Information).
At the sequence level, we find that the fraction of TFos intersecting homologous regions is higher than one would expect by chance (Binomial test 0.99% CI: (0.7218, 0.7228) and 0.99% CI: (0.6908, 0.6936) with expected values of 0.3129 and 0.3648 for human and mouse respectively).
