Ageing is a complex process generally characterised by reduced cellular function and an inability to maintain tissue homoeostasis.
In addition, we identified genes expressionally altered during MPA-induced β-cell death and grouped these genes by cellular function.
Aging is characterized by decline in cellular function and is associated with obesity, inflammation, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance [ 1, 2].
Aging is characterized by decline in cellular function and is associated with obesity, inflammation, altered energy metabolism, and insulin resistance [ 1, 2].
Their molecular cargo is cell specific [ 68], regulated by tissue physiology and cellular function, and fundamental to their bioactivity.
The key to understanding mechanisms by which HHcy disrupts normal cellular function and ultimately causes disease is to identify genes whose expression is affected by individual Hcy metabolites.
To understand the mechanisms by which HHcy disrupts normal cellular function and ultimately causes disease, we studied human endothelial cell transcriptome to identify genes whose expression is modulated by individual Hcy metabolites that accumulate in HHcy.
Injectable cell scaffolds play a dual role in tissue engineering by supporting cellular functions and delivering bioactive molecules.
Heavy metals can damage the living organisms through different mechanisms such as by affecting the cell membranes, by altering the enzymes specificity, by disrupting the cellular functions and by damaging the structure of the DNA (Ozer and Pirincci 2006).
However the PI3K signalling pathway can also direct a plethora of other cellular functions and responses by the regulation of multiple transcription factors that includes FOXO [ 16, 31], p53 [ 32], YAP [ 33], NFkB [ 34], CREB [ 35, 36], c-MYC [ 37, 38], and c-JUN [ 39].
