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Aβ promotes the production of ROS in several model systems by causing dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Given that MEFs are known to senesce as a result of oxidative stress and DNA damage, it is plausible that the oxidative stress is responsible for centrosome disruption, possibly by causing dysfunction of core centrosomal components such as NEDD1, and this then, in part, leads to senescence.
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Instead, loss of Drp1 compromises the intrinsic bioenergetic function of axonal mitochondria, thus revealing a mechanism by which disrupting mitochondrial dynamics can cause dysfunction of axons.
It provides evidence that diabetes via AGEs may contribute to the functional defects of the endothelium in pathological situations by causing the dysfunction of EPCs.
Conductive hearing loss in pre- and early school children is most commonly caused by dysfunction of the middle ear, which is caused by disorders in the ventilation of the tympanic cavity [ 10].
A novel ribosomopathy caused by dysfunction of RPL10 disrupts neurodevelopment and causes X-linked microcephaly in humans.
That framework distinguishes suffering directly caused by disease (for example, the symptoms and fear associated with a serious diagnosis) from suffering caused by dysfunction of the health care delivery system (for example, the anxiety caused by poor coordination).
Similarly, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1), caused by dysfunction of hypothalamic serotonergic neurons, have been implicated in cancer cachexia [26].
Among these disorders are Cockayne syndrome which is caused by mutations in ERCC6 (CSB) or ERCC8 (CSA), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) caused by mutations in ERCC2 (XPD), ERCC3 (XPB), or TTDA (GTF2H5) and XPF-ERCC1 progeria (XFE) caused by dysfunction of the XPF-ERCC1 heterodimer [ 11, 12].
Clinical syndromes caused by dysfunction of the nuclear maintenance genes can be broadly classified into two groups: (i) mutations that cause mitochondrial DNA depletion, which are at the most severe end of the phenotypic spectrum; and (ii) mutations that predispose to accumulation of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions.
Pathophysiology Nonperistaltic contractions are caused by dysfunction of inhibitory nerves.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com