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Qualitative restriction of changes in chemical composition of Ti coating obtained was demonstrated by elemental analysis and by calculation based on the oxidation model.
The sample size of this study was estimated by calculation based on the data collected from preliminary experiments.
Carrier lifetime in only a SiNW as a function of the carrier lifetime in the whole region by calculation based on Equation 5 and PC1D.
The overall number of children, all populations combined, is given by calculation based on the Q matrix (all populations have the same Q matrix).
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations were determined by calculation based on measurements of alkalinity (by the bromcresol green endpoint method) and pH (using an UltraBasic probe, Denver Instrument, Bohemia, NY).
Broad sense heritability was estimated to be 81% by calculation based on ANOVA (Bai et al. 2000).
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The correlation between PCC1 and PCC2 was determined by calculating an Enrichment Factor (EF) that expresses the degree to which calculations based on one data subset were corroborated by calculations based on the other data subset.
The formulas for calculating apparent and true retention are presented in Box 1. Box 1. Calculation of Nutrient Retention in Cooked Foods True retention Apparent retention Source: Murphy et al., 1975-Comparisons of Methods for Calculating Retentions of Nutrients in Cooked Foods Apparent retention is defined by calculations based on the nutrient contents of the moisture-free raw and cooked foods.
It is also worth noting that individuals may respond to one drug better than another in ways not reflected by calculations based on the average effects in a population, such as those used in this analysis.
The size of the fracture origins which were found were then verified by calculations based on the Griffith equation.
"For the last couple of centuries, the times have been determined not by observation but by calculations based on the known orbit of the Earth around the Sun," said Richard Schmidt, an astronomer at the Naval Observatory in Washington.
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