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Measurement invariance is statistically evaluated by calculating differences in fit indices (typically, Δχ, ΔCFI, etc).
Continuous sum-scores of the QoL questionnaires will be compared by calculating differences in QoL and their 95% CIs.
Effectiveness will be determined by calculating differences in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Self Administered PASI (SAPASI) scores.
BODPOD measures body mass and volume by calculating differences in volume of the participants compared to calibration volumes (age-dependent) of the participant sitting inside the BODPOD, thus allowing body density to be calculated.
Growth was measured by calculating differences in z scores between two time points and adjusted for regression towards the mean using Cole's equation, 2 utilising regression coefficients derived from within the cohort.
Thus, the effect of each variable was assessed by calculating differences in residual deviances and comparing with a chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom (df) equal to the difference in residual degrees of freedom.
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Differences between classes were determined by calculating pairwise differences in Z-transformed repeatability estimates and assessing whether confidence intervals, CI, overlapped with zero (Nakagawa & Schielzeth, 2010).
While, the health gap measured by calculating the differences in LE has recently gained some attention in Germany [e.g. [ 12- 14]], the socio-economic differences in LE of patients with myocardial infarction or diabetes mellitus have not been measured yet.
As a damage indicator, residual FRFs are used, which are derived by calculating the differences in FRF data between the undamaged/baseline structure and the structure with changed joint conditions or added mass.
This was done by calculating the differences in the cumulative incidences between scenarios.
Comparison of total or target gene mRNA expression was done by calculating the differences in the threshold cycles.
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by assessing differences in
by determining differences in
by calculating perturbations in
by calculating PCs in
by calculating proportions in
by calculating estimators in
by calculating SNRs in
by calculating changes in
by calculating rates in
by dividing differences in
by calculating pseudosections in
by calculating HRs in
by calculating solubilities in
by calculating similarities in
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