Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
by calculate
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "by calculate" is not correct in written English.
It seems to be a misphrasing and does not convey a clear meaning. Example: "We need to determine the results by calculating the total expenses."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(5)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
4 human-written examples
This section will report the numerical experiment of the NTT-PRP-CG-A and the algorithm of Zhang et al. [1] (called Norm-PRP-A), where the Norm-PRP-A is the Step 4 of Algorithm 1 that is replaced by: Calculate the search direction (d_{k+1}) by (1.5).
Therefore, the aqueous magnesium ion full battery is successfully assembled by FeVO4·0.9H2O/Graphene as anode, 1.0 mol L−1 MgSO4 as electrolyte and Mg-OMS-1 as cathode, which can obtain the discharge capacity of 53.1 mAh g−1 at a current density by calculate the total mass of two electrodes and the a high energy density of 58.5 Wh kg−1.
Science
After getting the predicted label for each frame, a final decision for each sample would be made by calculate the domestic label in that segmentation.
The bioactivity (IC50) data of the compounds were converted to pIC50 by the QSAR program and their molecular descriptors were evaluated by calculate molecular properties from 552 different descriptors in Discovery Studio 2.5.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
56 human-written examples
By calculating how quickly the DNA mutated, the scientists could estimate when lineages branched off.
News & Media
And by calculating the costs for several children at once, the site can also provide a more complete financial picture.
News & Media
By calculating investment yields on local homes.
News & Media
By calculating its 2-norm.
(29) .
And by calculating the difference, Eqs.
Science
Optimal experimental conditions were determined by calculated standard analysis.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Replace "by calculate" with grammatically correct alternatives such as "through calculation", "by means of calculation", or "using calculation" to ensure clarity and accuracy in your writing.
Common error
Avoid using "by" directly before a verb like "calculate". The preposition "by" typically requires a gerund (verb + -ing) or a noun phrase. Instead, use "by calculating" or "through calculation".
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "by calculate" attempts to indicate a method or means by which something is determined. However, it's grammatically incorrect. As Ludwig AI points out, the construction of the phrase is flawed, and requires correction.
Frequent in
Science
75%
News & Media
25%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while the intention behind the phrase "by calculate" is to express a method of determination through calculation, it is grammatically incorrect. As Ludwig AI highlights, this phrase requires correction to ensure clarity and grammatical accuracy. Better alternatives include "through calculation", "by means of calculation", or "by calculating". Although examples can be found in scientific and news media, the grammatical error impacts its overall quality and acceptability. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid this phrasing in formal writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
through calculation
This alternative replaces the preposition 'by' with 'through', providing a grammatically sound structure.
via calculation
This option offers a more concise and direct way of expressing the use of calculation.
using calculation
This rephrasing emphasizes the act of using calculation as a tool or method.
determined by calculation
This emphasizes that calculation is the deciding factor in the determination.
by means of calculation
This alternative adds formality and precision by specifying the method as 'calculation'.
based on calculation
This focuses on the idea that something is derived or determined from a calculation.
as calculated by
This phrase attributes the calculation to a specific entity or method.
numerically determined
This option specifies that the determination is based on numerical methods.
computationally derived
This alternative is more formal and highlights the computational aspect of the derivation.
arithmetically assessed
This highlights the use of arithmetic operations in the assessment process.
FAQs
How can I correct the phrase "by calculate"?
The phrase "by calculate" is grammatically incorrect. Use phrases like "through calculation", "by means of calculation", or "using calculation" instead.
What are some alternatives to "by calculate" that emphasize the method used?
To emphasize the method, use alternatives like "via calculation" or "using calculation". These phrases clearly indicate that calculation is the method being employed.
Is it ever correct to use "by" before a verb?
Yes, but the verb must be in its gerund form (verb + -ing). For instance, "by calculating" is grammatically correct. The error occurs when using the base form of the verb directly after "by".
What's the difference between "by calculating" and "through calculation"?
"By calculating" uses a gerund, emphasizing the process, while "through calculation" uses a noun, emphasizing the method. Both are grammatically correct and convey similar meanings, but the choice depends on the desired emphasis.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested