The most advanced demonstrations of structure-based multivalent ligand designed to date are the development of pentavalent and decavalent carbohydrate inhibitors that are capable of blocking cell surface binding by AB5 toxins.
To further identify whether blocking cell-surface AnxA2 functions by AnxA2 antibody can inhibit the EGF-induced cell migration in triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells, we performed an in vitro scratch wound-resealing assay.
Consistent with this prediction, our results show that blocking cell-surface AnxA2 function by AnxA2 antibody significantly inhibits the EGF-induced proliferation and migration of triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells.
Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that leads to peripheral B-cell depletion by blocking the cell surface antigen CD20, demonstrated greater improvement in patients who had also failed to respond to anti-TNF-α therapy compared with placebo in a phase III study [ 50].
These may include treatment strategies targeting altered genetic signalling pathways by blocking specific cell surface molecules, altering the cancer microenvironments that nurture cancer stem cells, inducing differentiation of CSCs, immunotherapy based on CSCs associated antigens, exploiting metabolites to kill CSCs, and designing small interfering RNA/DNA molecules that especially target CSCs.
The ADK6 footprint overlaps previously identified AAV antigenic regions and neutralizes by blocking essential cell surface glycan attachment sites.
Lin, R., Canfield, V. & Levenson, R. Dominant negative mutants of filamin A block cell surface expression of the D2 dopamine receptor.
One potential strategy could be to convert an endocrine nonresponsive tumour to become responsive to oestrogen-induced apoptosis by blocking the survival pathways with the expanding list of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies that block cell surface signalling.
We next assessed whether HCV infection was sensitive to inhibition by antibody-mediated blocking of cell surface 5-HT2AR.
To confirm this, we investigated cancer cell adhesion in the cultures by blocking two surface molecules of ECs: VAP-1 and ICAM-1.
