It is widely known that silver ions denature enzymes of bacterial organisms by binding to reactive groups, resulting in their precipitation and inactivation [ 7, 8].
Amifostine protects cells from cytotoxic damage by scavenging oxygen-free radicals caused by radiation and radiomimetic drugs and by binding to reactive nucleophiles, which have the potential to react with DNA (van der Vijgh and Peters, 1994).
WR-1065, the active metabolite of amifostine, protects cells from cytotoxic damage by scavenging oxygen-free radicals generated by radiation and anthracyclines and by binding to highly reactive nucleophiles and thus preventing nucleophiles from reacting with DNA (Treskes and van der Vijgh, 1993).
An opsin gains sensitivity to light by binding to a light-reactive chemical called a chromophore.
By binding to cysteine residues or generating reactive oxygen species Risso-de Faverneyy et al. 2001), Cd has been shown to influence genomic and postgenomic processes in liver, kidney, lung, and brain (Minami et al. 2001).
20 ml of each reactive antiserum were purified by binding to ∼5 mg of the respective recombinant protein coupled to CNBr-activated sepharose beads (Amersham), washed extensively with PBS and elution with first 0.2 M glycine, pH 3, then 0.2 M triethanolamine, pH 9. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were dialysed against PBS and concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon Ultra 50k, Millipore).
In cardiomyocytes, AngII triggers molecular pathways that promote protein synthesis, enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis by binding to its receptors: angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type II receptor (AT2R).
Although controversial, some studies suggest that MHC class II I-Ag7 molecules, by binding to self-peptides with low efficiency during thymic selection, permit self-reactive T cells to escape negative selection29.
Upon stimulation by binding to Ang II or mechanical stretch4,5, AT1 receptor activates multiple G protein-dependent and –independent signaling pathways and promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a variety of responses such as cellular hypertrophy and proliferation, vascular contraction, inflammatory responses, and salt and water retention6,7.
During ADE of infection, cross-reactive non- or poorly-neutralizing antibodies form infectious virus-Ab complexes with the newly infecting serotype and enhance virus infection by binding to the Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on FcγR-bearing cells.
