The protein Dead end 1 (Dnd1), on the contrary, blocks miRNA-mediated silencing by competitive binding to overlapping sites [ 37].
The competitive inhibition of binding to overlapping epitopes has been described for antibodies to ACE.
In one case, the two proteins appear to compete for binding to overlapping sites [ 45].
The repression of Psl production occurs at the transcriptional level, by binding to a region overlapping the pslA promoter [ 7].
Alternatively, transcription factor YY1 may modulate rSAA4 transcription by binding to a site overlapping with the NF-κB-binding site [27].
34 Both nilotinib and dasatinib efficiently block Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase catalytic activity by binding to distinct, partially overlapping sites in the kinase domain.
In V. harveyi, LuxO represses its own expression, irrespective of its phosphorylation state, by binding to a site overlapping the −35 sequence of the luxO promoter, thereby preventing RNA polymerase from initiating transcription (Tu et al, manuscript in preparation).
In a well-characterized Streptococcal plasmid, pMV185, CopG has been shown to act as a repressor of repB by binding to a pseudosymmetirc region overlapping the -35 sequence of the σ-dependent promoter, thereby preventing transcription of the copG, repB operon in plasmid pMV158 (Costa et al. 2001).
Moreover, Phd is also known to repress both its own transcription and that of the Doc molecule by binding to an operator DNA site that overlaps the addiction promoter [ 8].
Thus, the blockade of the hPD-1/hPD-L1 interaction by pembrolizumab occurs predominantly by binding to the C'D loop and overlaps binding to the C and C' strands to compete with the binding of hPD-L1.
