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By binding to ice, AFPs are thought to both lower the freezing point and raise the melting point of ice through the Gibbs Thomson effect whereby adsorbed AFPs cause increased micro-curvature of the ice front (Yeh and Feeney, 1996).
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SP and QAE2 isoforms can slow, but not stop, the growth of ice crystals by binding to pyramidal ice planes.
Herring and rainbow smelt AFPs require Ca2+ for binding to ice [8], [12].
Antibodies attack antigens by binding to them.
Specifically, it inhibits recognition of acetylated lysines relevant to actively transcribed chromatin by binding to the bromodomain-binding pocket.
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) bind to ice crystals and control their structure, enlargement, and melting, thereby helping their host organisms to avoid injuries associated with ice growth.
Chen Y, Smith MR, Thirumalai K, Zychlinsky A. A bacterial invasin induces macrophage apoptosis by binding directly to ICE.
These diverse roles go beyond the prevention of freezing (antifreeze) and each requires that the AFPs bind to ice, hence the all-inclusive description – ice-binding proteins (IBPs).
This would appear to rule out the CRD directly binding to the ice (as the sugars would be competing ligands).
Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors?
MpAFP may mimic the adhesion mechanism of the type I pilus in binding M. primoryensis to ice.
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