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These compounds primarily exert membrane damaging effects that may be attributed to their ability to lower the ergosterol biosynthesis and simultaneously interacting with membrane by binding to ergosterol.
Azoles and amphotericin B represent some of the most effective antifungal drugs that act by inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis or by binding to ergosterol in the plasma membrane.
Amphotericin B alters the stability of the membrane by binding to ergosterol and forms pores.
The drug increases membrane permeability by binding to ergosterol present in the Leishmania plasma membrane.
We tested caspofungin (an echinocandin that inhibits 1,3-β-glucan synthase), tunicamycin (a nucleoside antibiotic that blocks N-linked mannosylation), amphotericin B (a polyene that interferes with plasma membrane function by binding to ergosterol) and miconazole (an azole that inhibits ergosterol synthesis).
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Amphotericin B targets the fungal cell membrane by directly binding to ergosterol, forming complexes that intercalate the cell membrane, resulting in formation of pores and leakage of intracellular contents [ 60, 61].
It also binds to ergosterol.
Notably, there was no difference in susceptibility to fluconazole, which inhibits fungal growth primarily by binding to the ERG11 gene product in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, even though the ergosterol biosynthetic genes were down-regulated in strain R265.
For example, the cancer clinical drug candidate tipifarnib (29), an inhibitor of human protein farnesyltransferase (hPFT), was found to efficiently block endogenous ergosterol biosynthesis in T. cruzi by binding to CYP51.
Antibodies attack antigens by binding to them.
Since ergosterol and cholesterol have sufficient structural differences, most antifungal agents targeted to ergosterol binding or biosynthesis does not cross-react with host cells.
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