Sentence examples for by bases from inspiring English sources

Self-condensation of aldehydes, the so-called aldol condensation, occurs readily, when catalyzed by bases, to give β-hydroxy aldehydes.

A measure of the amount of hydrogen ion in the urine that is buffered by bases such as bicarbonate and phosphate is made by the titration of urine with strong base until the pH of the plasma from which the filtrate is derived (7.4) is achieved.

Correspondingly, basic (or alkaline) properties could then be associated with the presence of hydroxide ions (OH−) in aqueous solution, and the neutralization of acids by bases could be explained in terms of the reaction of these two ions to give the neutral molecule water (H+ + OH− → H2O).

In ester hydrolysis, as in the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate (see above The reactants), for example, distinction can be made between mechanisms in which catalysis is brought about by protons (hydrogen ions) or by acids in general, by hydroxide ion or by bases in general, or by enzymes.

The dehydration of ethanol to ethylene occurs as follows: Acids and bases both bring about the establishment of an equilibrium between ketones (or aldehydes) and their enol forms, which contain a hydroxyl group directly attached to a doubly bonded carbon atom: Self-condensation of aldehydes, the so-called aldol condensation, occurs readily, when catalyzed by bases, to give β-hydroxy aldehydes.

A quarter of all calls made to the charity by young people were handled by bases in Glasgow and Aberdeen.

"Some situations have to be dealt with on a case-by-base basis," he says.

We give an algorithm which uses a combinatorial structure which we call an uncovering-by-bases, related to covering designs, and construct some examples of these.

On the basis of Spearman correlation, base-by-base, we calculate P<2.2×10−308 over the full genome.

The remaining bases of the read are then compared base-by-base to the reference.

Therefore the inter-quartile range (IQR) for base-by-base coverage for each gene was measured.