During the fermentation processes, pH was maintained at 6.7 by automatic addition of 2.5 N sodium hydroxide solution, and the agitation speed was set to 120 rpm.
Foaming was controlled by automatic addition of 5% (w/v) silicone SE-2.
The pH was maintained at 5.0 throughout the cultivation by automatic addition of 3 M NaOH.
When needed, pH was maintained at 5.0 by automatic addition of 4 M KOH solution.
The medium pH was set at 7.0 and controlled by automatic addition of 1 N HCl or NaOH.
The pH was maintained at either 5.0 or 5.5 throughout the fermentations by automatic addition of 4 M NaOH.
The pH of the medium was maintained 6.0-6.5 6.0-6.5matic addition of 5 N NH4OH and 1 M phosphoric acid and 5% antifoam as required.
Temperature was maintained at 32 °C, pH at 7.6 by automatic addition of 2 mol/L NaOH and dissolved O2 at 60%%.
Initial pH was adjusted to 6.5 and controlled at this value by automatic addition of 2 M HCl and 2 M KOH.
pH was maintained at 5.0 throughout the SSCF by automatic addition of 3 M NaOH, and the stirring rate was kept at 500 rpm.
The pH was kept constant by automatic addition of 0.5 M NaOH (AppliChem, Darmstadt, DE) or 0.5 M HCl (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, DE) with a control unit (Biostat A plus DCU, Sartorius AG, Göttingen, DE).
