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While this result was encouraging, we sought to further evaluate this trend by assessment of study design.
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We evaluated clinical heterogeneity by qualitative assessment of study differences in terms of study population, ICU type, clinician involvement in weaning decision making, and implementation of weaning and extubation processes.
Bias in methodological quality assessment was minimized by the independent assessment of study quality by the two researchers (VA and AH).
Studies where understanding mechanism of effect is a major focus clearly require more direct assessments of intervention fidelity, whereas those studies whose main question is "does the intervention work under usual conditions?" may limit their generalisability by more intensive assessment of study processes.
Formal meta-analysis was performed in case of relatively complete reporting on functional outcome measures and in the absence of substantial study heterogeneity (as addressed by data abstraction and assessment of study quality).
This study is a retrospective study by assessment of the patient's medical records.
Again, we will resolve discrepancies in data extraction or quality assessment of study quality by consensus discussion between the two primary reviewers (LZ and DW), with arbitration by a third reviewer (MEE) as necessary.
The strength development and healing of symmetric and asymmetric interfaces of amorphous cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) was studied by assessment of diffusion and lap-shear strength measurement of samples bonded at different temperatures, pressures and healing times.
Receptor activation and intracellular signalling were studied by assessment of phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphorylated Akt after stimulating cells with recombinant chemerin.
Bone turnover was studied by assessment of the bone formation markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide (PINP), and the bone resorption marker serum type I collagen C-telopeptide (sCTX) [ 5].
Assessment of study quality.
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