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This was accomplished by assessing activation of cognate and noncognate promoters from the traAFBH operon by alleles of traR from different sources.
We also determined if PF-228 perturbed the GPVI-FcRγ signaling axis by assessing activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk using anti-Syk pTyr 525/526 antibody.
In order to better select patients that will respond to targeted treatment Dry and colleagues employed a pathway-based approach to derive a gene expression signature predictive of sensitivity to MEK inhibition by assessing activation of MEK and compensatory signaling from other RAS effectors [ 15].
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To further characterize the R1838 variants and their ability to regulate actomyosin contractility, we assessed activation of Myosin II by measuring the phosphorylation of the RLC (Fig. 4E).
By assessing the activation of key molecules of both pathways, we provide evidence of a direct involvement of Src family kinase Fyn and RhoA in mediating the inhibitory effects as well as a modulation of PKC signalling.
To look specifically at the apoptotic pathway, we examined the involvement of mitochondria by assessing the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-7 which are downstream targets of this pathway.
By assessing the magnitude of activation of UPR sensors and target genes in the liver of zebrafish larvae exposed to three commonly used ER stressors (tunicamycin, thapsigargin and Brefeldin A), we have identified distinct combinations of UPR sensors and targets (i.e. subclasses) activated by each stressor.
Apoptosis induced by ATRA and RAMBAs was further characterised by assessing the activation and cleavage of apoptosis-related proteins as determined by Western blot analysis.
We examined platelet activation by assessing the effects of administering QDs on levels of P-selectin on circulating platelets (using flow cytometry) and by measuring platelet aggregation upon in vitro incubation of murine and human PRP with QDs.
Furthermore, CoCM contained higher levels of active TGF-β (194±39 pg/ml) than the other conditioned media (TuCM: 94±6 pg/ml, FbCM: 106±22 pg/ml, medium: 0 pg/ml, Fig. 2C) as assessed by activation of a PAI-luciferase reporter activity in CCL64 cells.
7, 8 However, in patients with severe forms of familial renal glucosuria, there is indirect evidence of moderate volume contraction, as assessed by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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