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Section 2 derives the proposed TCR filter by approximating the phase difference in terms of the second derivative of the phase, i.e., ICR values, while projecting an input signal onto the phase signal associated with the TCR pass region of the filter.
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This corresponds to approximating the phase noise by a function that is constant (or linear) within each subinterval.
This method is a modified Lagrangian approach in that the velocity of the continuous phase is obtained by approximating the velocity profiles from CFD. Combing the known velocity distribution with explicit mathematical expression and the force model for a single bubble, a mathematical model to calculate the bubble motion is well posed.
As described in section 6 of Additional file 1, this can be seen by approximating the perturbed limit cycle as a combination of phase and relative amplitude changes.
The phase-reduction method can then be used to analyze synchronization of an ensemble of oscillators by approximating the high-dimensional limit cycle dynamics as a closed system of equations for the corresponding phase variables [6, 7].
In traditional models the simplest choice would be to fix the basic reproduction number R0 (see [1], [16]), which can be estimated by approximating the slope of the cumulative number of cases during the exponential growth phase of the epidemic.
In the texture-mapping procedure, we begin by approximating the target surface with an approximating cylinder.
The proposed system approximates the phase coded aperture with a block unblock coded aperture by using the detour-phase method.
The orientation preference was approximated by the phase of a cosine function that was fitted to the resulting firing rate-orientation function.
Instead, the phase integration metric can be approximated by the phase at the center the digital confocal pinhole.
will be desirable to approximate the phase of(2) (9).
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