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The raw data obtained from in vitro permeation studies was analyzed by applying factor for volume correction and drug losses during sampling using the following equation, which calculates the values of fraction of drug permeated and mean percent drug permeated along with standard deviation at varied times.
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Therefore, any observed differences can be corrected for by applying calibration factors for intensity, pulse delay, and pulse dispersion to equalize all detectors to an arbitrary detector (for the purposes of this study, the detector that measured the highest fluence was used as the reference point)—see Fig. 4b and Fig. 4c.
Gathered data have been analyzed by applying the Factor Analysis for Mixed Data (FMDA), the Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC); as well as Chi2 test of independence, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests for measuring dependencies or relations among variables.
Construct validity was again analyzed by applying four factor analyses, one for each I-block.
Distributions for QALY decrements were calculated by applying the correction factor for age and severity (which were based on the UK study and was kept constant [ 26]) while varying the QALY decrement based on the Canadian study [ 25] assuming a normal distribution (mean of 0.0022; standard error [SE] of 0.00026).
All components were present in the calibration standards at equal levels except for the "total oligomeric carbohydrates," which were estimated by applying the response factor for cellobiose to all peak areas that eluted prior to glucose and includes cellobiose.
Another widely quoted index, the Life Quality Index is based on life expectancy at birth and the gross domestic product per person but is only able to rank countries by applying a correction factor for each country that some critics say is open to bias.
Composite scores were calculated for the cyber-bullying behaviours by applying confirmatory factor analysis (see below).
A proxy measure for sun sensitivity was derived by applying a factor analysis to correlated phenotypic variables, as previously described.
The different amount of information available for DYD was accounted for by applying weighting factors to DYD.
From the intensities of the peaks in the speed map the rotational distributions can be extracted by applying appropriate Hönl London factors for each of the branches to correct for the relative line strengths.
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