Similarly, Newton's laws of motion, which hold that gravity moves objects by applying a force on them at some distance from a star or planet, were superseded by Einstein's general theory of relativity.
By applying a force step load protocol to induce time dependent sample indentations we measured the local creep compliance of the sample.
The square columns were clamped at one end and oblique load conditions were realized at the other end by applying a force with different angles to the centerline of the column.
Micromotion was mimicked by applying a force to the electrode, fixing the boundaries of the brain region and applying appropriate symmetry conditions to nodes lying on symmetry planes.
These strained siloxane rings are normally introduced by applying a force or vacuum treatment of silica at temperatures as high as 800 °C.
Levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8, TNF-α, RANKL and OPG were analysed by applying a force of 150 g [27, 28, 34], while 50 g of force was applied to study the levels of CS [40].
The posterior displacement of the distal fragment was then corrected by applying a force to the posterior aspect while the elbow was gently hyperflexed and the elbow was secured in hyperflexion, and the reduction was confirmed by the image intensifier.
The mixture was then compressed into a 2-mm semitransparent disk by applying a force of 10 t for 2 min. The FTIR spectra were recorded at the wavelength range of 400 to 4,000 cm-1.
The direction of applied orthodontic force was simulated to clinical situations of anterior retraction (by applying a force at 90° to the vertical plane of the mini-implant), anterior intrusion and retraction (30° to the vertical plane of the mini-implant), and molar intrusion (90° to the horizontal plane of the mini-implant) (Fig. 2).
By applying a force to the system, the dissociation processes can be largely accelerated in the SMD simulation.
