Candidate biologically meaningful communities were detected by applying A-CODE (association-centered community detection algorithm) (Additional file 1).
Note that a binary-input AWGN channel can be transformed to the equivalent BSC by applying a line coding that maps the set of binary alphabets {0,1}↦{−1,+1}.
During linking, redundancy is added by applying a repetitive code.
They used the unused variable-length code (VLC) for AC coefficients by applying a map from the unused codes to used codes.
Each patient's residence was assigned to a Rural – Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) category [ 26, 27] by applying a publicly available ZIP code approximation to implement Categorization A [ 28], which defines four categories: Urban, Large Rural Town, Small Rural Town, and Isolated Small Rural Town.
For a Gaussian state-dependent MAC with one encoder being informed of the channel state, we present an inner bound by applying a slightly generalized dirty paper coding (GDPC) at the informed encoder and a trivial outer bound by providing channel state to the decoder also.
The WZ frames are coded by applying a discrete cosine transform (DCT), whose coefficients are quantized, sliced into bit planes and sent to a Slepian-Wolf coder.
Estimation of fatigue crack growth from a sound stress concentration site in corner boxing joints is performed by applying a fatigue crack closure simulation code FLARP developed by the authors and using the EDS concept.
After data collection, patient and provider communication is coded by applying a selected scheme to capture the specific variables or concepts under investigation.
Generally, an LS code can be denoted as LS (N,P,W 0), which denotes the family of LS codes generated by applying a (P×P -dimensional Walsh-Hadamard (WH) matrix to an orthogonal comP×P -dimensionalset of length N and inserting W 0 number of zeros between two orthogonal complementary sets [6, 9, 10].
