The F-test in Past3 [ 49] was used for testing differences in variance detected by analyzing the molecular variance of markers located in different genomic regions (i.e. OUT, UP, IN and DOWN).
With a similar approach, since in different steps of the RFID protocols, tags, and the server execute different processes, if time taken to execute these steps differs based on the input of tags' state or responses, an attacker can attempt to mount a timing attack to distinguish the tags by analyzing the time variances corresponding to their input.
By analyzing the estimation error variance, the LS/ML carrier frequency offset estimation method is shown to outperform the traditional method using the discrete-time Fourier transform.
By analyzing the mean and the variance of the time-averaged fluorescence signals in the time limit where fluctuations as a result of rotational diffusion are not averaged out, rotational correlation times of the fluorescent molecule can then be extracted.
By analyzing the dynamics of trait variance, we obtain the condition for evolutionary branching as the one under which trait variance explodes.
The variation around the expected mean of a trait given its genotype, can be studied by analyzing the heterogeneity of residual variance across the observations [ 1].
By analyzing the forecasting errors, the standard variances of each probability distribution can be obtained, i.e., 15.36, 4.54, 5.09, and 10.37 for WF1, WF2, WF3, WF4, respectively.
The Gelman and Rubin diagnostic methodology presented in [23, 28] compares the samples drawn from several independent sequences with different starting points and quantitatively evaluates mixing by analyzing the within-sequence and between-sequence variance.
