Sentence examples for by an instrument variable from inspiring English sources
Through a natural experiment enabled by an instrument variable, we identify two forms of social media information that act as signals of borrowers' creditworthiness: (1) borrowers' choice to self-disclose their social media account to the P2P lending site, and (2) borrowers' social media behavior, such as their social network scope and social media engagement.
Hungerman (2011) used changing time at school (the years of compulsory attendance demanded by the state) as an instrument variable to identify the relationship between completed schooling and later religiosity.
To do this, we need an appropriate instrument variable for WageCut it.
Anger variables were measured by an instrument to assess anger at home and at work or school.
These supplemental data points are the economist's "instrument". In a widely cited 1991 study, Angrist and economist Alan Krueger of Princeton scrutinized the education-earnings connection by using dates of birth as an instrumental variable.
We then illustrate this approach by studying two classic settings: selection-on-observables and instrument variables.
Although the above discussion uses a binary instrumental variable, we observe a multi-valued instrument.
Weak instrument bias, a phenomenon by which instrumental-variable estimates using variants not strongly associated with the risk factor of interest are biased, may be substantial if large numbers of genetic variants are used (30), as may be necessary in a multivariable Mendelian randomization experiment.
The idea is to find a variable (an "instrument") that is related to an independent, endogenous variable X, but not to the dependent variable Y, apart from by the indirect effect via X.
To do so we adopt and further develop the enclave approach to immigrant settlement pioneered by Card (2001) where actual immigration flows are instrumented by a predicted settlement variable generated from overall immigration flows on the assumption that new migrants go to live in locations where earlier migrants from their origin country also settled.
