The seemingly linear increase of the secondary signal's mean squared displacement with time admits the possibility of an effective diffusivity.
Therefore, for each condition, we estimated an effective diffusivity (Additional file 4: Figure S4).
The systems under investigation (Pb/coir and Cu/coir) could be described by a single effective diffusivity (Deff) over the operating range of flow rates and initial metal concentrations.
The diffusion rate for single-solute systems was characterized by effective diffusivity under the influence of restrictive diffusion.
Results of hIgG adsorption showed that the uptake rate represented by the effective diffusivity of hIgG onto the dextran-grafted ion exchangers was obviously enhanced by the dextran grafting, indicating the presence of "chain delivery" of the bound proteins on the charged groups on the dextran chains.
By contrast, the effective diffusivity of hIgG changed little as ligand density increased on the dextran-grafted FYCHWQDE adsorbents.
All current models, including the Newman (1931) model, do not account for the influence of the initial solute concentration, and thus a correction factor, α, was introduced to obtain the factor, R׳, by which the effective diffusivity is enhanced, based on Steiner׳s (1986) modified Newman model.
The 70 nm PEG-coated nanoparticles penetrated 9L tumor tissue with an average effective diffusivity that was 12-fold higher than similarly sized COOH-coated particles.
Applying ultrasound pre-osmotic treatment in 70 °Brix prior to hot-air drying reduced the drying time by 33%, increased the effective diffusivity by 35%, and decreased the total colour change by 38%.
This effect can be formally handled by considering effective diffusivities by introducing a so-called labyrinth factor, λ.
