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The reduction in energy is accomplished by an atomic diffusion process.
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This spontaneous granulation was rarely observed when an Al film on Si substrate was annealed at 400°C, justifying that the microparticle formation is a process caused by atomic diffusion.
Such difference between experiments and present simulations also implies that the electrical failure in real Ag nanowire mesh should be the synergy of Joule heating and some other possible causes, such as corrosion by sulfur, atomic diffusion in the nanowire itself, and Rayleigh instability[26].
Note that the speed of the D2O distribution in the cytoplasm is not limited by the self-diffusion constant of the water molecule as such but rather by the "atomic" diffusion of the deuterons which is at least one order of magnitude faster.
Diffusion-based growth can occur without a solvent matrix (sintering), given particle contact, by atomic diffusion from smaller particles to bigger ones.
Intergranular cracking is modeled by means of interface cohesive laws motivated by the physics of breaking of atomic bonds or grain boundary sliding by atomic diffusion.
The formation of these features involves climb controlled by atomic diffusion.
We can anticipate that the physical mechanism for cluster size evolution is, as in the monodispersed case, sintering by atomic diffusion.
Friction-Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state process for joining of two plates in which there is a relative motion between the tool and work piece, which produces the heat required that makes the material of the two edges to join by atomic diffusion.
Repeated ball-impacts accelerated the formation of the aluminide coatings by a surface refining process, resulting in atomic diffusion occurring at a relatively low temperature.
Depth profiles for the coating (Ti, Zr) and the substrate (Fe, Cr) atoms revealed that the atomic diffusion distance by laser ablation decreased with lattice distortion.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com