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In the second experiment, we randomly perturbed parameters of the sunflower submodel (each parameter was changed randomly by an additive term ranging from 0.02 to 0.05).
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More complications arise when extending the model represented by formula (14) to include an additive term that describes sources of variation other than ν.
The change in A(1) was described by a constant disease progression rate (RATE) plus an additive term (A(1) × α) in which α was a parameter for the individual change in progression rate.
The solar activity variation term is used as an additive term to the core model.
Of the six detection probability sub-models evaluated across all years, the strongest support by far was found in sub-model (v), which involved line- and year-specific estimates with an additive term for tag size and an additive term for river level at the Mission gauge during the mean time of arrival of populations on receiver lines (Table 1).
The residual variability (RV) was described with an additive term.
This method treats each set of classification units as an additive term in the model [ 43].
The longitudinal model was similar but had an additive term in weight.
Individual effects of SNPs were tested in similar ANCOVA models using SNP as an additive term.
The impact of background noise and interference from adjacent communication links is represented by the additive term n ( t ) ∈ C n R. We will further assume that x t) and n(t) are independent (weakly) stationary signals.
Hoynes (1996) and later work estimates multinomial logit models and relaxes the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives restriction by including an additive stochastic term in the utility associated with each possible choice.
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