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Data integrity is guaranteed by the physical layer mainly by adapting the modulation scheme and the transmit power to the mobile specific channel state.
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Beside the previous parameters, in this section, the problem of adapting the modulation scheme to the channel condition is considered.
Assume that uncoded -QAM is adapted with the modulation level bit/symbol, the closed-form expression for the average symbol error rate (SER) of a link is given by [24] (3).
Using dynamic programming, the utility function is maximized by dynamically adapting channel access, modulation, and coding according to the queue size and quality of the time-varying channel.
In this point of view, the feedback-based multicast scheme should aim to achieve high resource efficiency by reducing unnecessary CQI feedback and transmission optimization by dynamically adapting modulation and coding selection (MCS) level according to the variations of the channel state.
By doing so, the modulation is adapted to the pathloss and to the fast fading.
In this transmitter, the modulation module is adapted according to the SNR value.
Moreover, it can be applied in modern radiotherapy techniques where intensity modulation is used to adapt the local dose to the biological activity in heterogeneous tumor parts.
It adapts the 4- or 3- intensity method of phase shift interferometry to compute the modulation and phase of interference patterns by recording 4 frames of intensities with preset phase differences between reference and object beams [ 15].
Phase amplitude cross-frequency coupling was computed by means of the modulation index24.
Lactose digestion can be improved by the modulation of colonic bacteria43.
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