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They directly neutralize viral infections or lyse pathogens by activating the complement cascade.
In addition, by activating the complement cascade, NA enhance T cell and T-cell dependent B-cell responses.
Taken together, these results indicate that SsC1r and SsC1s have significant properties to aid in the immunity of black rockfish by activating the complement system by proteolytic cleavage.
Mannose binding Lectin (MBL) mediates protection against infections by activating the complement system, but certain microorganisms may increase infectivity by exploiting this host defence system.
Also IgG class anti-gliadin antibodies have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis by activating the complement system or inducing antibody-mediated cytotoxicity [ 16].
These complexes can then lead to further activation of immune pathways by co-stimulation of FcγRs and endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and/or by activating the complement cascade [ 7].
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Although the protective role of IgG2a in this disease model is largely unknown, this IgG subtype is thought to modulate the immune response by inducing phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages and activating the complement system and cytotoxicity mediated by antibody-dependent cells.
Serum immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE have a central role in the humoral immune response by binding to extracellular pathogens, thereby activating the complement system along with effector cells, which ultimately leads to pathogen eradication.
We propose that core protein is responsible for activating the complement pathway either directly or by inducing inflammation.
Due to its small size, IgG easily diffuses into tissues, opsonizes pathogens for engulfment by phagocytes, activates the complement system, and neutralizes antigens [ 39].
We have recently shown that cell death by itself carries the potential to activate the complement system, both in the presence or absence of CRP [15].
More suggestions(16)
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