Action potentials were evoked by applying a variable pulse of current (20 100 pA) to neurons in current-clamp configuration.
In addition, transducers should have a variable pulse rate that falls between 80 and 150 pps.
In this paper, a kind of variable pulse width excitation is proposed.
A 180° pulse (15.6 ms) was followed by a variable relaxation delay (d2) and a readout pulse.
We constructed LILFU waveforms by repeating US tone bursts at variable pulse repetition frequencies (Figure 1B).
The laser pulses were strongly attenuated by a variable neutral density filter (NDF, Thorlabs) and divided by a 50/50 non-polarizing beam-splitter (BS, Thorlabs).
Shortly, a supercontinuum fiber laser SC450-6WW, FianiUK, UK) providing white-light picosecond pulses, adjustable in power by a variable neutral-density attenuator, was utilized as a light source.
Following this response, two pulses of equal intensity and duration are generated that are separated by a variable time window, starting with an interpulse interval of 8 ms and decreasing in 0.5 ms steps down to 1.5 ms.
In order to further explore the impact of desensitization and unbinding rate on α1β2γ2- and α3β2γ2-mediated currents evoked by brief GABA pulses, a standard paired-pulse protocol was employed (pairs of 2 ms applications of saturating [GABA] separated by a variable interpulse interval).
In this experiment, transverse relaxation rates of NMR probes are modulated by applying a variable number of chemical shift refocusing pulses during a fixed time element (Mulder et al., 2001).
