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The corresponding sequence entered to mfold consistently renders a 6-bp "anticodon" stem and a 5-bp "acceptor" stem separated by a variable loop (Additional file 6, 15).
The bHLH transcription factors are named after their highly conserved domain (about 60 amino acids long) that consists of a DNA-binding basic region (b) followed by two α-helices separated by a variable loop region (HLH) [ 1].
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Guidance for alignment was assisted by maximizing conformation with the Wierenga fingerprint, making allowance for a variable loop of 2 5 residues [ 26].
The structures of KH domains are typified by a characteristic array of beta sheets and alpha helices (S1-H1-H2-S2-S3-H3) and two loops, the GXXG invariant loop between H1 and H2 and a variable loop between S2 and S3.
The loss of the TψC-arm and the replacement by a size-variable loop was first recognized in nematode tRNAs [ 40] and can also be found in M. occidentalis [ 29], L. pallidum [ 10] and other chelicerates including scorpions [ 35] and spiders [ 41].
For D. pteronyssinus, this tRNA was previously inferred with a 6-bp acceptor stem, 3-bp D-arm separated by an A, and lacking the variable loop [ 12].
BRDs share a conserved fold that comprises a left-handed bundle of four alpha helices (αZ, αA, αB, αC), linked by highly variable loop regions (ZA and BC loops), which form the rim of the substrate-binding pocket and determine substrate recognition (Refs 55, 127) (Fig. 3a).
Despite the low degree of overall sequence homology, all BRDs shared a conserved overall fold comprising four α helices (αZ, αA, αB, αC) linked by highly variable loop regions (ZA and BC loops) that form the docking site for interacting recognition motifs.
Its tertiary structure has recently been elucidated for TRIM21, revealing two binding pockets formed by six variable loops [ 16].
The β-strands are connected by six variable loops that define regions of hypervariability and form the ligand-binding surface in TRIM5α and TRIM21.
Twenty of the 22 tRNA genes of both species have a unique feature in that the TΨC arm and variable loop are replaced by a TV replacement loop.
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