For participants of the original Rotterdam Study cohort, the presence of heart failure at baseline is based on clinical information from the medical records for all participants and by using a validated score, similar to the definition of heart failure by the ESC [ 46, 47, 49].
Blinded histologic inflammatory scores were performed by a validated scoring system [41].
Second, patient quality of life (QOL) was not assessed by a validated scoring system.
The quality of each RCT included in this analysis was graded by use of a validated score that included the following items (10): randomization of participants, double-blind evaluation, and a description of participants who withdrew from or dropped out of the trial.
To determine if the reflux finding score (RFS), a validated score for airway inflammation, correlates with gastroesophageal reflux measured by multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) testing, endoscopy, and quality of life scores.
We chose a 75% threshold because it was the minimum to allow a validated score to be constructed based on the data provided by a particular respondent.
27 As yet, no such a validated score exists for patients with vascular diseases.
Maloney et al. reviewed 2,255 preliminary interpretations by radiologists using a validated scoring system (RADPEER) and judged 1.29% to have potentially clinically significant interpretations.
Finally, in 2007 Alrawi and colleagues [62] used the Davis modified version to examine the surgical outcome of cervical radiculopathy, and they stated that clinical evaluation was carried out by means of a validated scoring systems (the Prolo functional and economic system).
CT images were evaluated by two independent experienced chest radiologists blinded to clinical or functional information, using a validated scoring system [ 13].
