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GASA consists of a genetic algorithm (GA) and a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, which is enhanced by a steepest gradient descent algorithm to avoid being trapped in local minimum.
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By substituting Equation 12 into 10, a steepest gradient algorithm similar as that in [19] can be applied to irregular inner codes, e.g., irregular mapping (with RA doping) in this paper.
Peptides were eluted with a linear gradient of 1 40% solvent B [90 10 acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (aq)] over 35 min at 300 nL/min flow rate, followed by a steeper gradient from 40%to80%0% solvent B over 5 min.
According to the map in Figure 8b, the depth to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is characterised by a steep gradient in the vicinity of Line 1.
Its dramatic drop, caused by a steep gradient, results in the formation of many rapids.
A shallow gradient to 50% solution E followed by a steep gradient to 100% solution E was used to collect fractions.
Peptides were then eluted with a gradient 3% to 45% B in 25 min, followed by a steep gradient to 80% B in 5 min at a flow rate of 0.3 µL/min.
The thermal structure rather creates two different habitats (epilimnion and hypolimnion) connected by a steep gradient (thermocline).
Peptide elution used a linear gradient of 1-40% solvent B [90 10 acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid (aq)] over 35 min at 300 nl/minute flow rate, followed by a steeper gradient from 40%to80%0% solvent B over 5 min.
They were then eluted with a gradient from 3% B (acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid) to 45% B in 25 min, followed by a steep gradient to 90% B in 5 min at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min.
The gradient used was 4-50% B in 60 min, followed by a steep gradient to 80% B. The peptides were electrosprayed on-line to a LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro ETD Mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific).
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