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Exposed dentin tubules are loosely occluded by a smear layer.
Examination of the specimen with SEM after NaOCI treatment revealed that most of the dentinal wall was covered by a smear layer; only few open tubules were visible.
The exposed dentin surface either has patent dentin tubules or is covered by a smear layer of oral debris such as calcium or toothpaste ingredients.
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A smear layer was produced by grinding the flat surface with a 600-grit silicon carbide (SiC) disc under water for 30 s.
A smear layer covered the surface of the dentin and the characteristic tubules were not visible.
It has been demonstrated that mechanical instrumentation creates a smear layer of calcified detritus that adheres to the dentinal surface.
During endodontic treatment, root canal instrumentation produces a smear layer, which consists of organic and inorganic materials.
However, subsurface damage is often covered with a smearing layer generated in a machining process, it is rather difficult to directly observe and detect by optical microscopy.
Because the material grains in the pulverization zone are fine enough, they can be re-sintered so as to form a smearing layer that covers the scratching pass.
The study from Drake et al. (1994) showed that a greater than tenfold higher number of bacteria colonized in DT without being covered by SL compared with those covered by an intact smear layer.
Intact enamel (Fig. 3a) showed a smear-layer-coated surface with distinct polishing patterns and few irregularities like pits, scratches, and prismatic boundaries, while treated enamel demonstrated again a smear-layer coating with scratches, pits, and some prismatic boundaries.
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