Sentence examples for by a small effective from inspiring English sources

We discuss our results in the context of the evolution and mutational dynamics of populations characterized by a small effective population size.

Body size and flying ability are therefore limited by the need for a small effective paddle.

In contrast, if they were slightly deleterious and were fixed by genetic drift, the species with a small effective population size should have lost more introns.

Due to the decrease in selection pressure in primates caused by a smaller effective population size (Li 1997), it may be possible that the observed acceleration of the d n/d s in the duplicated genes is mostly influenced by the data from primate evolution.

It is suggested that an increased level of turbulence at the gas liquid interface caused by carbon particles accounts for a smaller effective boundary layer thickness and an enhancement of mass transfer in the flat gas liquid surface stirred tank reactor.

However, genetic bottlenecks caused by domestication often results in a smaller effective population size of cultivars than that of wild soybeans, which would also contribute to an elevated level of nucleotide fixation.

This is confirmed by IM results, which also indicated a smaller effective population size for Itaparica.

But the bottom line is that for a vile threat, that is mostly far away, we marshalled national and international resources for combat; while for a domestic issue inflicting greater damage we employ only modest efforts and are legislatively inhibited by a relatively small, effective, and inordinately influential organization.

Population isolates are by definition characterized by small effective population size (Ne), which results in stronger effects of random genetic drift leading to decreased genetic variability.

This may be due to random drift caused by relatively small effective population in dairy cattle [ 36].

The CAT model appears to be more robust than WAG against LBA artefacts, essentially because it correctly anticipates the high probability of convergences and reversions implied by the small effective size of the amino-acid alphabet at each site of the alignment.