While the fit can be improved further by adding a small background to the noise, we emphasize that Eq (16) correctly captures the non trivial shape of the noise curve with only two parameters.
This means that in the experiments discussed above there is always a small background concentration, as recorded by XPS analysis, of Ba (approximately 1.0 atom %) and Cl (2.5 atom %) impurities present, independent of the intentional incorporation of the Ba and Sr precursor dopants.
Dynamic contrast variation, i.e., replacing blood by non-scattering saline solution, reveals a small residual background dynamics within the extravascular tissue which is independent of flow rate.
The value f is in each case normalized such that f = (fp−bf)/f0 where fp is the remaining fluorescence intensity within the illuminated patch, bf is the (typically small) background offset determined by imaging a fully bleached area next to the patches, and f0 is the average fluorescence intensity measured for equally-sized areas above and below the patch.
Bear in mind that Redding's showcase numbers, the songs that do typify his career - I Can't Turn You Loose, Mr. Pitiful, Shake, his cover of Satisfaction - were all deliriously upbeat R&B tunes, supported by a small army of horns in the background.
Given that Sparrow is being developed by a small startup without a strong security background, the team decided that this was too much of a risk.
You will see the word BACKGROUND followed by a small arrow-like shape.
In contrast, the low frequency is characterized by a small change in pixel intensity value where background and texture in the image can be found [17].
The stimulus intensity, stimulus duration and background illumination were regulated by a small LED control device.
The attacks, in his opinion, were engineered by a small group of aggressive bureaucrats with security service backgrounds in Mr. Putin's entourage.
