Sentence examples for by a scale mutation from inspiring English sources
The rate at which the population evolves can be controlled by a scale (mutation) factor F, a user-defined positive real number from the interval [0, 2].
Despite the neural hyperplasia resulting from large deletions, it has been difficult to identify phenotypic defects caused by fine scale mutations within the complex and deletion of an entire gene is rarely lethal [ 17, 19].
Hereditary diseases are conditioned by small scale mutations (including point mutations and sequence changes concerning only few nucleotides such as small insertions, deletions, inversions) and the rearrangements of larger genome fragments known as copy number variations (CNVs) (Arlt et al. 2012; Beckmann et al. 2008; Hastings et al. 2009; Henrichsen et al. 2009).
One that came up a bunch yesterday is the population mutation rate or the population scale mutation rate 4Nmu.
Since population recombination rates are dependent on the effective population size (ρ = 4Ner), estimates of the population recombination rate in each population were normalized by θ = 4Neµ, a scaled population mutation rate obtained from the same individuals and populations, where µ is the genome-wide average microsatellite mutation rate per locus and per generation [13].
Changing the scaled mutation rate 2 Nµ by a factor of 10 results in time-to-evolve estimates that change by less than 10 times, which is not unexpected because different values of 2 Nµ result in different balances between selection and drift.
Molecular polymorphism is linked to the population effective size by the Watterson's estimate of the scaled mutation rate (per site) θ = 4 N e µ, where Ne is the population size and µ is the mutation rate.
The scaled mutation frequencies were multiplied by 100 and used to determine the intensity of the red color.
Values for the scaled mutation rates per site (θ = 4 Nμ) and a distribution of scaled fitness effects (scaled DFE) are typically fit by maximum likelihood.
