Consequently, to explain this difference and to exclude limitations by the technique itself, a reference technique – such as gravimetry, which would have been easy to apply in an animal study – would have been useful.
For validation of this approach, we compared the results obtained in vivo with data provided by iodoantipyrine autoradiography as a reference technique for the measurement of tumour blood flow at a high resolution in an experimental tumour model.
Numerous previous published studies report a poor correlation and lack of agreement between cardiac output measured by usual thoracic electrical bioimpedance and a reference technique (most often thermodilution) in various subgroups of subjects [18, 23 25].
Numerous previous published studies report a poor correlation and lack of agreement between cardiac output measured by usual thoracic electrical bioimpedance and a reference technique (most often thermodilution) in various subgroups of subjects [ 18, 23- 25].
AD technique has been compared to the ED considered as a reference technique.
The adopted deep learning approach outperformed the handcrafted feature based one, and also a conventional reference technique, by a large margin, becoming a preferable solution for the addressed Digital Microbiology Imaging quantification task, especially in the emerging context of Full Laboratory Automation systems.
In contrast to the FloTrac/Vigileo™ system, however, the PiCCOplus™ system showed a trend to underestimate cardiac output changes assessed by the reference technique.
The average cardiac outputs by the reference technique and test technique were 8.0 and 8.2 litres per minute, respectively.
However, the pre-defined study protocol was strictly followed in both patient groups and cardiac output measurements by the reference technique were comparable in both data sets.
Since the random error of measurement of the FP is very small, and the CO values produced by the FP are very close to the truth, application of the errorgram method described by Critchley and Critchley to account for the errors caused by the reference technique yields virtually the same answers as the 2SD of the HCP alone.
