Sentence examples for by a reference standard from inspiring English sources

The amount of vascularisation was determined ex vivo by a reference standard, i.e. specific histological and immunohistological methods.

Specificity (true negative rate or 1-false positive rate [FPR]) is defined as the proportion of samples determined to be RIF-sensitive by a reference standard correctly identified as RIF-sensitive by LiPA.

Sensitivity (true positive rate [TPR]) in this case is defined as the proportion of samples determined to be RIF-resistant by a reference standard correctly identified as RIF-resistant by LiPA.

In critically ill patients with SaO2 values of 90%% or higher, the mean difference between SpO2 and SaO2 (that is, bias) measured by a reference standard (CO-oximeter) is less than 2%%; the standard deviation of the differences between the two measurements (that is, precision) is less than 3%% [ 3– 5].

By using a reference standard curve provided from the qRT PCR kit, the relative hTERT mRNA expression (with reference to housekeeping gene, porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD)) was calculated as previously described (Sitaram et al, 2009).

The parameters of resistance, compliance, and impedance are initially estimated based on the patient's age and sex, and can be subsequently refined by using a reference standard measurement of cardiac output.

The idea of regression calibration is to correct the observed value, which is known or suspected not to represent the true value, using information from repeated measurements or from substudies that yield the true values for some patients (e.g. by sing a reference standard measurement method or some instrumental variable).

Labeled S1P, visualized by autoradiography and recognized by comparison with a reference standard, was scraped and counted by liquid scintillation.

Labeled S1P, visualized by fluorography and recognized by comparison with a reference standard, was scraped and counted by liquid scintillation.

The model described above estimated the Se and Sp by comparison to a reference standard presuming that this reference standard was perfect, that is, that its Se and Sp were both equal to 1.

These data, although they are infrequent, must be known and referred before to start an HPV primary screening of CIN2+ lesions especially with HCII methodology which is considered by many as a reference standard technology particularly in Belgium.