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Tonsillitis was diagnosed by a rapid test for group A Streptococcus and supported by positive culture.
We analyzed a large series of field isolates identified as TSE infected, by a rapid test, in the framework of the French active surveillance network.
Confirmation of HIV status was done by a rapid test for HIV (InstantScreen® Rapid HIV-1/2 Assay GAIFAR GmbH, Germany) at the clinic.
Furthermore, all suspected cases of influenza, except 2, were confirmed by a rapid test; most were tested further and isolates were subtyped by RT-nPCR.
Another important activity for the control of scrapie is the large active surveillance programme of testing healthy slaughtered sheep and fallen stock for scrapie by a rapid test on brainstem samples.
The diagnosis of TSEs during the early phase by a rapid test performed in blood is thus required because of the existence of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and its possible iatrogenic transmission by blood [ 22].
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Retrospectively, we identified patients who had been tested for influenza by use of a rapid test kit and extracted personal and clinical information from medical records.
To date, at least two private influenza surveillance systems using rapid tests have been established--one by a manufacturer of a rapid test kit and the other by a pharmaceutical company that produces an anti-influenza medication (17, 18 ).
For example, OraQuick, approved by the American Food and Drug Association FDAA) is a rapid test requiring only an oral sample [ 44].
The assay has been validated using sputum samples and recently endorsed by the WHO as a rapid test for both smear-positive and smear-negative (paucibacillary) respiratory samples [ 8, 9].
While there was a plethora of reasons given by participants for seeking a rapid test, the main reasons reported were curiosity (38.1%), convenience (27.1%; ie, results can be obtained on the same day), knowledge of their status (20%), and confidentiality (12.6%).
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